For those who enjoy customizing firearms or want to build their own from scratch, the 80% lower receiver is a popular starting point. These partially completed parts are a favorite among DIY gun builders, offering the chance to create a custom firearm while navigating specific legal requirements. If you’re new to the world of 80% lowers, this guide will walk you through what they are, why they’re so appealing, and how to get started with one.
What is an 80% Lower and Why Does it Matter?
An 80% lower is an unfinished lower receiver for a firearm, meaning it’s 80% completed in terms of the essential features but still requires further machining before it can function as a fully operational firearm. For example, in an AR-15, the lower receiver is the portion of the gun that holds the trigger assembly and magazine well, but with an 80% lower, these parts remain incomplete.
Since these lowers are not fully finished, they are not classified as firearms under federal law. This classification allows individuals to purchase them without a Federal Firearms License (FFL), unlike complete firearm receivers, which are subject to stricter regulations.
Key Reasons Behind the Popularity of 80% Lowers
1. Cost-Effectiveness: A major draw of 80% lowers is their affordability. Fully assembled lower receivers can be expensive, but 80% lowers offer a way to save money, especially for those who don’t mind investing time and effort into finishing the part themselves.
2. Full Control Over Customization: One of the best aspects of building from an 80% lower is the level of customization it offers. Whether you prefer a particular grip, stock, or trigger system, completing your own lower allows you to create a firearm that suits your exact preferences.
3. A More Private Option for Gun Owners: For individuals who value privacy, 80% lowers are appealing because they do not require a background check or registration. Since the parts are not yet classified as firearms, gun owners can build their firearms without government oversight.
4. Gaining Hands-On Knowledge: Many hobbyists enjoy the satisfaction of working on their own firearm. Completing an 80% lower can be both a fun challenge and a valuable learning experience, especially for those who want to better understand the mechanics of firearms.
Navigating the Legal Landscape of 80% Lowers
Though 80% lowers are not technically firearms, there are several legal points to consider. Here’s a breakdown of what to know:
- Completing the Receiver: Once you finish machining the 80% lower, it becomes a fully functional firearm. At this point, it must be treated as any other firearm, with proper registration, serial numbers, and adherence to local laws.
- State Regulations: Different states have varying laws when it comes to purchasing and completing 80% lowers. For example, California has stricter regulations on unfinished lowers, requiring certain serial numbers and registration processes. Always be sure to check your state’s specific laws before you begin.
- No Background Checks for Purchase: Since 80% lowers are not classified as firearms, there’s no federal requirement for background checks when purchasing one. However, if you decide to sell the firearm once it’s completed, you must follow your state’s regulations regarding firearm sales, which may require background checks.
How Do You Finish an 80% Lower?
To complete an 80% lower, you’ll need the right tools and the know-how. Here’s a quick overview of the options available:
1. Traditional Tools: Completing an 80% lower with basic hand tools is an option for many people. You’ll need equipment like a drill press, jigs, and possibly milling machines to get the job done. This method requires patience and precision, especially if you don’t have much prior experience.
2. Using CNC Machines: If you have access to a CNC machine, you can finish the lower with high precision and in less time. CNC machines are programmable and cut the receiver based on detailed plans, which is especially useful for achieving flawless results.
3. Jigs and Kits for Accuracy: For beginners, using a jig is highly recommended. A jig helps guide the user through the machining process, ensuring everything aligns correctly and reducing the chances of errors. Pre-assembled jig kits are available and make the process much simpler.
Ensuring a Safe and Legal Build
Building your own firearm can be rewarding, but it’s essential to ensure that everything is done safely and legally. Once your 80% lower is finished, you will need to treat it as a fully functioning firearm. Depending on your location, you may need to add a serial number and follow registration procedures.
If you’re planning on sharing or selling the finished firearm, it’s crucial to familiarize yourself with the legal requirements. Most importantly, never rush the process. Take your time to ensure that the firearm functions properly and complies with all applicable laws.
Conclusion: Is an 80% Lower Right for You?
If you enjoy hands-on projects and have a passion for firearms, an 80% lower could be a great starting point for building your own custom firearm. While the process involves legal considerations and requires a certain level of technical skill, it can also be incredibly rewarding. With the right tools, knowledge, and a commitment to safety, you can finish an 80% lower to create a firearm that meets your specifications.
For more information on purchasing and completing 80% lowers, as well as tools and kits to help you get started, visit 80-Lower.com.